• Basic information
• Learning outcomes
• Contents
• Assessment
• Workload

Learning outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Students have knowledge about fundamental concepts of biology. Students will be able to describe structure of the macro and micro molecules forming the basic structure of life.

   Contribution to Program Outcomes

   1. To be able to define general concepts and problems related to Molecular Biology and Genetics and to produce solutions.
   2. To be able to define the structure-function relationship at the molecular level in cells and organisms.
   3. To be able to comprehend the history and nature of scientific thinking and to apply them to problems in the field.

   Method of assessment

   1. Written exam
2. Define the relationship among life forms and their environments and ecosystems

   Contribution to Program Outcomes

   1. To be able to define general concepts and problems related to Molecular Biology and Genetics and to produce solutions.
   2. To be able to define the structure-function relationship at the molecular level in cells and organisms.

   Method of assessment

   1. Written exam
3. Work effectively in multi-disciplinary research teams.

   Contribution to Program Outcomes

   1. To be able to define general concepts and problems related to Molecular Biology and Genetics and to produce solutions.
   2. To be able to define the structure-function relationship at the molecular level in cells and organisms.
   3. To be able to work individually, make independent decisions and participate actively in multidisciplinary group studies.
   4. To be able to drive hypotheses using existing knowledge, designing and conducting experiment for problem solving and make correct interpretation of the results obtained from the experiment.

   Method of assessment

   1. Written exam
   2. Homework assignment
4. The differences between the plant and the animal, the tissues, the organs, the basic structures, the physiology, the reproduction are comprehended.

   Contribution to Program Outcomes

   1. To be able to define general concepts and problems related to Molecular Biology and Genetics and to produce solutions.
   2. To be able to define the structure-function relationship at the molecular level in cells and organisms.
   3. To be able to explain the genetic information flow in organisms and populations.
   4. To be able to drive hypotheses using existing knowledge, designing and conducting experiment for problem solving and make correct interpretation of the results obtained from the experiment.

   Method of assessment

   1. Written exam
   2. Homework assignment
5. It acquires the basic substructure necessary to establish the relationship between the function and the functioning of human tissues, organs and systems, and between physiology and molecular biology.

   Contribution to Program Outcomes

   1. To be able to define general concepts and problems related to Molecular Biology and Genetics and to produce solutions.
   2. To be able to define the structure-function relationship at the molecular level in cells and organisms.
   3. To be able to explain the genetic information flow in organisms and populations.
   4. To be able to drive hypotheses using existing knowledge, designing and conducting experiment for problem solving and make correct interpretation of the results obtained from the experiment.

   Method of assessment

   1. Written exam

Contents
Week 1:	Small molecules and the Chemistry of life, Elements and Compounds, Chemical bounds, Important of water, Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids; Proteins (Polypeptides, structure and function) Carbohydrates (Sugars and polysaccharides), lipids (Phospholipids, steroids), Nukleic acids and origin of life, The Structure of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), The DNA Double Helix, DNA and Proteins
Week 2:	Cells, Units of Life, Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Organels, Cell Walls of Plants, Cellular membranes, Membrane Models, Membrane Proteins and Their Functions, The Role of Membrane Carbohydrates, The Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer, Passive and active transport
Week 3:	Cell Communication, The Cellular Internet, External signals are converted to responses within the cell, Receptors in the Plasma Membrane, Intracellular Receptors, Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation, Small Molecules and Ions as Second Messengers, Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Responses, Energy of Life, Free Energy and Metabolism, The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP, The Activation Energy Barrier, Substrate Specificity of Enzymes, Enzyme Activity
Week 4:	Harvesting Chemical Energy, Catabolic Pathways, Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction, The Stages of Cellular Respiration (Glycolysis, The cilric acid cycle, oliidative phosphorylation, The Pathway of Electron Transport, Fermentation and anaerobic respiration)
Week 5:	Photosynthesis, Photosynthesis converts light energy, Chloroplasts,a reaction-center complex, associated with Light, The Calvin cycle, C4 Plants, CAM Plants
Week 6:	Cell Cycle and Cell Division, The mitotic phase alternates, Cytokinesis: The Cell Cycle Control System, Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells
Week 7:	Inheritance of Genes and Chromosomes, Comparison of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction, The Stages of Meiosis, a comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis
Week 8:	Mid-term exam and exam evaluation
Week 9:	DNA is the genetic material, DNA Replication, Proofreading and Repairing DNA, The Flow of Genetic Information, The Genetic Code
Week 10:	Introduction of Human Genetics, chromosome and gene mutations and molecular medicine; structural and numerical changes of chromosomes, point mutations (single base modification), mutagens
Week 11:	Human genetics, Genomes vary in size, number of genes, and gene density, Genome Size, Number of Genes, Gene Density and Noncoding DNA, Transposable Elements and Related Sequences
Week 12:	Movement system (Skeletal and Muscular System), their ratio to body weight, their location in the body, structures and functions of bones, cartilage, joints and muscles, bone formation, repair of fractures, principles of contraction in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle,
Week 13:	Communication and homeostasis between tissues and cells, endocrine system, definition and classification of hormones, their relations with each other, the responses they form in cells, the roles of general hormones that function in our body in tissue and bone development,
Week 14:	Circulatory system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, vessels and blood circulation, development of blood cells, morphological and functional properties and coagulation mechanism, structure of the heart, heart muscle and valves, lymph fluid, lymph nodes
Week 15*:	Introduction of Biotechnology DNA Cloning and Its Applications: A Preview, Cloning a Eukaryotic Gene in a Bacterial Plasmid, Expressing Cloned Eukaryotic Genes
Week 16*:	Final exam
Textbooks and materials:	[1] Campbell Biology, Urry, M.L. Cain, S.A. Wasserman, P.V. Minorsky, Orr R.B., 12th edition, Pearson, 2021. [2] Biology, P.H. Raven, G.B. Johnson, K.A. Mason, J.B. Losos, S.R. Singer, McGraw-Hill Int. 9th Ed. 2010. [3] A Text-Book of Human Physiology, Robert Tigerstedt, Murlin, John R., ISBN: 1990001486314, 2012. [4] Anatomi ve İnsan Fizyolojisi İnsan biyolojisi, Abdurrahman Aktümsek, 9. Basım, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2015.
Recommended readings:	[1] Essential Cell Biology 3e, Alberts, Bruce Yayınevi: Garland, 2009. [2] Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach with IP-10: International Edition, 8th edition, (Dee Unglaub Silverthorn), 2010.
	* Between 15th and 16th weeks is there a free week for students to prepare for final exam.

Assessment
Method of assessment	Week number	Weight (%)
Mid-terms:	8	40
Other in-term studies:		0
Project:		0
Homework:	1-15	10
Quiz:		0
Final exam:	16	50
	Total weight:	(%)

Workload
Activity	Duration (Hours per week)	Total number of weeks	Total hours in term
Courses (Face-to-face teaching):	3	14
Own studies outside class:	2	11
Practice, Recitation:	0	0
Homework:	2	2
Term project:	0	0
Term project presentation:	0	0
Quiz:	0	0
Own study for mid-term exam:	2	7
Mid-term:	2	1
Personal studies for final exam:	2	7
Final exam:	2	1
		Total workload:
		Total ECTS credits:	*
	* ECTS credit is calculated by dividing total workload by 25. (1 ECTS = 25 work hours)